Coating

As Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) projects move toward large-scale deployment, reliable CO₂ transport infrastructure is becoming increasingly important. While extensive research has focused on pipeline steels and corrosion mechanisms in CO₂ environments, less publicly available data exists on the performance of internal flow coatings under CCS...

Cathodic Protection (CP) systems are essential to mitigate corrosion in buried pipelines; however, naturally occurring telluric currents induced by geomagnetic disturbances can significantly impact CP performance. This study presents an analysis of PSP fluctuations along an approximately 200 km section of Pipeline A traversing Gujarat and Madhya...

The effect of chlorides on metal corrosion has been known for a long time, and continues to be extensively studied in order to adopt the best practices with regard to mitigation. The dominant type of corrosion in the presence of chlorides is pitting corrosion. Bromides on the other hand have not been extensively studied, and – after being proposed...

Prediction of external corrosion using data from in-line inspections (ILI) can be instrumental in making proactive pipeline integrity management decisions, especially when integrated with geospatial data. This work investigates how a relationship may be established between the presence of bending-strain areas and the initiation and or progression...

Efficient hydrocarbon transportation depends on extensive pipeline networks requiring regular inspections for safety and efficiency. Deadlegs, parts of the system prone to corrosion, pose significant challenges. Traditional manual ultrasonic testing lacks the accuracy needed for effective corrosion assessment. Permanently installed ultrasonic...

The requirements for pipeline construction and corrosion protection are becoming increasingly demanding. For modern construction with sustainable protection, selecting the right materials is both crucial and challenging. Although compliance with product-specific regulations is often seen as a guarantee for the universal suitability of products, it...

Repairing a subsea pipeline has its own special challenges. It goes from levelling the pipeline inner pressure with seabed pressure at depth of damage, to cutting the line, installation of smart flanges and spool pieces, and finally going through pre-commissioning steps and miscellaneous pigging operations. During all these steps, it is inevitable...

Operators need to keep their pipelines fit for purpose, maximize life and control costs. External corrosion is one of the main threats faced by operators, costing millions annually in identification, mitigation and repair. Although many methods exist to model the growth of corrosion features, the situation is often most complicated for “unpiggable”...

Subsea pipelines are externally concrete coated to provide vertical and lateral stability. The loss of concrete can lead to floatation or lateral movement on the seabed. If seabed is hard/rocky, then lateral rubbing may lead to wall thinning at 6 o'clock and can result in a leak or flattening at the bottom affecting ovality. This paper presents...

Corrosion Under Insulation (CUI) of insulated pipelines and leakage or intrusion detection on underground utility pipelines are two applications where Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing (DFOS) provides a promising alternative to existing monitoring techniques. In this paper, we present case studies for both domains. When Distributed Acoustic Sensing...

It is generally accepted that the effect of cathodic protection is based on the activation polarization and the concentration polarization of the steel surface resulting in an increase of the pH at the interface between steel and soil. This increase in pH value may affect the adhesion of the corrosion prevention coating in the immediate vicinity of...

Steel pipelines are capital-intensive, so their service life is critical. DENSO Group Germany impressively demonstrates the vital role that superior production technology plays in the operating life of a pipeline with the exceptionally long life of its three-ply corrosion protection tapes: even after 40 years in the field, the coating with a...

Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) is a wel l- known threat to the integrity of oil and gas pipelines. SCC is a damage mechanism that typically results in axial cracks on pipelines due to simultaneous action of tensile stress, potent environment (soil, coating, electrolyte etc.), and the pipeline material (poor microstructure). Small cracks are in...

Saudi Aramco operates a massive network to enable its position as world leading hydrocarbon producer, approximately 371 downstream cross-country pipelines with 446-sections, totaling 23,878 kilometers as at January 2020. Typical pipelines range in diameter from 4-inches to 56-inches, the average length of the pipelines ranges from less than one...

The three phase fluid of the massive South Pars reservoir under the Persian Gulf, is transmitted 100Km to onshore facilities via numerous 32” API 5L pipelines. The wet sour fluid cont ains 0.5 mol% of H2S and 1.7 mol% of CO2 which forms a hostile environment to carbon steel. Hence, as per form er laboratory researches at design stag e in about 20...