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A natural gas leakage was detected on the unpiggable high-pressure DN 600 pipeline Kasejovice – Mikulášov in Czech Republic after 50 years of operation. The pipeline was excavated and found to suffer from extensive corrosion; corrosion of a similar extent was also found when another section of the pipeline was excavated on the same location. The...

Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) technology with injection of carbon dioxide (CO2) in production oil fields become common method of oil recovery increase. From the first commercial CO2 EOR injection project on the Kelly-Snyder Field in West Texas past more than 45 years. However, there can be significant corrosion management challenges resulting from...

A “lean model” that minimizes uncertainties by simulating only the necessary characteristics for batch tracking proves to be more accurate than complex models that make a plethora of assumptions in attempting to model every single characteristic of pipelines with extreme elevation changes and slack. Energy supply chains require energy companies to...

There are thousands of unpiggable and challenging pipelines running through Europe alone. The integrity management of these pipelines requires nondestructive evaluation techniques, which can be applied without introducing inspection tools into pipelines. Pipeline diagnostics shall, therefore, be executed from above ground. Indirect approaches such...

Pipelines are the most economic and secure transport systems for oil, gas, and other products. But they can rupture, leak, or be damaged or destroyed by improper operation, theft, cyberattacks, terrorism or sabotage. Every day, many millions of tons of liquids and gases are transported via overland pipelines or pipelines within facilities. As a...

Pipeline inspection using intelligent pigs is currently the safest and most reliable way to detect relevant defects, to plan repairs and maintenance and to calculate the pipeline lifetime. However, there are still many pipeline systems on- and offshore which were never designed and built for conventional ILI tools and modifications would be...

Particularly in the 1940s and 1950s, gas pipeline systems were not necessarily designed and built with inline inspection in mind. As a result, mechanical configurations are encountered that cannot be inspected with currently available inspection equipment. Furthermore, operators are trying to reduce capital and operational expenses by merging...